Indian Polity- Chapter 5 - Preamble (Part 2)

 Chapter 5 : Preamble

Part 2 : Important words in the Preamble and their meaning

1.  Sovereign :  
• The country (India) is not under influence of any external force
• The country is not being under control of any external force.
• The country is is able to make its own decisions.
• In this any region or any part of the country can be given or taken from other countries.
• Joining any International organizations or taking membership in those organizations doesn't make the country lose its sovereignty. 
• Example- India joining the Olympics in 1949
2. Socialist : 
• In the original constitution of India, this word 'Socialist' was not present.
• 42nd Constitutional Amendment of 1972, included the word socialist
• Even though it was not present originally in the constitution, its meaning was understood through the Directive Principles of State Policy.
• The word Socialist means - Equal Distribution of Wealth
• In the 1955's Avadi session of INC, the principle of formation of Socialist society was accepted.
• The Socialism in India is Democratic Socialism
• Objectives - 
• To reduce :
• Poverty
• Inequality
• Illiteracy
3. Secular :
• In  the original constitution of India, the word "Secular" was not present.
• 42nd Constitutional Amendment of 1972, included the word - Secular
• Even though this word was not initially present in the constitution, it was indirectly presented through the Fundamental Rights.
• The Indian Constitution represents the "Positive Secularism"
• Secularism in India :
• India is not a religious country
• India is not a non-religious country
• India is also not a anti-religious country 
• In India any citizen can practice any religion, can work for the spreading of religion but no forceful conversion is allowed.
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4. Democracy :
• India is a democratic country
5. Republic :
• Source - France
• The representative of the nation is directly or indirectly elected for a particular time period by the people of the country.
• All the government offices in the country will be open to all citizens of the country without any discrimination.
6. Justice :
• Source - USSR 
• Social Justice - No discrimination on the basis of Religion, Caste, Sex and Lineage
• Economical Justice - Employment and Equal wages for Equal work
• Political Justice - Right to participate in the country's political matters.
• Example - Voting rights, Right to form a political party
• Social Justice and Economical Justice together form Distributive justice.
7. Freedom :
• Various types of Freedom are given -
• Thought
• Expression
• Trust
• Faith
• Prayer
• The above mentioned freedoms are not limitless, there can be some prohibitions applied during the emergencies.
8. Equity:
• The laws apply in the same manner regardless of the person's status.
9. Fraternity :
• Source - France
• Brotherhood
10. Unity and Integrity :
• Unity is geographical side whereas Integrity is mental side.