Biodiversity

 Biodiversity 

Biodiversity -

Biodiversity is the mixture of different kind of life forms dwelling in an area - they can plants, animals, microorganisms, bacteria, etc. Each of these life forms remain in an ecosystem together. 

Biodiversity brings variety of different species together in an ecosystem. Biodiversity is mostly found in ecotone areas. 

Biodiversity decreases towards the pole and is mostly found at the equator.

Keystone Spaces - 

A species occuring more than required in an ecosystem and also influences over the species is known as Keystone Spaces. The concept was given by Robert Sane in 1969.

Ex- Elephants in Savannah

Biodiversity Hotspot -

Biodiversity hotspot do not appear in one single country, they can appear in various other countries having similar biodiversities. The concept of Biodiversity hotspot was given by Norman Myres in 1988.

These Hotspots are granted by Conservation International. They are not a political unit.

India has 4 biodiversity hotspots which resemble around the world.

Examples of Biodiversity Hotspots-

• Himalayas
• Indo - Myanmar
• Western Ghats and Sri Lanka
• Sunda Land - Malaysia, Indonesia and India

Biodiversity Hopespot -

Biodiversity Hopespot is the place where Biodiversity can be conserved. The concept was given by Dr. Silvia Erle.

Ex- Mission Blue

Mega Diversity centres around the the world:

Mega Diversity is elaborated as species which are very rich in biodiversity. They can be also called as high level biodiversity.

They are total such 17 centres around the world.

• 7 of them are in American continent
• 5 of them are in Asia - India, China, Philippines, Indonesia and Malaysia
• Remaining 5 of them occur in other parts of the world- African and Australian continent.
• 
  Europe continent has no mega diversity center.

Biodiversity Degradation -

There are various reasons that cause biodiversity degradation few of them are mentioned below-

1. Illegal trade of animals. Ex- Operation clean Art- For conservation of Mongoose
2. Habitat rise and degradation cycle
3. Fragmentation of Habitat - Separation due to natural course as well as man made projects
• Wildlife Corridor
1. Natural Corridor - Presence of river 
2. Artificial Corridor - Construction of Bridge, Roads through the forests.
• Migration of Foreign Species
• Killing of specific Species
• Insecticides
• Research on Animals
• Domestic animals can transfer viruses from one animal to another